If you were like me, a pure Java developer before writing Go, you must be wondering why Go doesn’t support the ternary operator like return a > 1 ? 0 : 1.Most mainstream languages like C and Java are supportive of ternary operators; languages like Python and Ruby support the simplified if-else one-liner, such as a = 0 if a > 1. However, Go is not among them. And it is not only about adding operators but also a concept of coding in a more convenient way, such as the ?: expression can be perfectly replaced by if-else, but what if you are required to duplicate it dozens or hundred tim...

Rust and Go, these two modern programming languages, with their unique advantages, are becoming hot topics in the developer community. Their competition in performance, security, simplicity, feature set, and concurrency not only influences developers' choices but also foretells future trends in software development.Battle of Performance: Rust's Precision vs. Go's EfficiencyRust, developed by Mozilla Research, has become the preferred choice for performance-sensitive applications due to its zero-cost abstractions and memory safety features. It ensures memory safety through concepts like ownersh...

In Build a Go KV Cache from Scratch in 20 minutes, I walked you through what matters when writing a local cache, and eventually implemented one, whose performance was beaten badly by that of the popular go-cache on Github though. However, the bright side is that we can learn a lot from those excellent Github Go cache products, studying their features, applicable scenarios, and implementations, and extracting what we need.In this article, I will mainly analyze and compare the four cache libraries of go-cache, bigcache, golang-lru, and groupcache, which are all...

Go is currently the most common programming language in cloud development. Though I use it very much in my work, I am still repeating certain mistakes. This article is more a record of these errors, figuring out the causes and solutions so that people who read this article will save themselves time when coming across the same problems.Let’s cut through to the tips.Don’t rely on index var in the for loopThe most common mistake we make is that we often create goroutine inside a for loop and rely on the index variable. For example,package mainimport ( "fmt" "sync")fun...

Go’s concise structure and powerful native library enable us to hit the ground running easily. It is more efficient than Java or Python when implementing the same functions, especially its concurrent programming, which is very handy and widely admired due to its goroutine and channel.goroutine and channel has much to dig into, and let’s start with channel, which I used to consider narrowly as a message queue to transfer data between goroutines and support data synchronization, but definitely owns a bigger stage.Channel == Semaphore + Buf...

Logging is indispensable in any code that we need its support both in debugging and in statistics. However, a package that filled withfmt.Println/fmt.Printf printing various messages can never be considered a read-to-be-adopted package, which can be optimized by a simple change, using Golang’s native log package to print information to standard output or to a file.Then, how to apply the log package? Are there any limitations? If so, can we seek open-source packages? Let’s find the answers together.Golang logpackage mainimport "log"func main() { log.Println("Log pri...

The dependency management in Golang is handled using go mod. go mod is the official dependency management tool introduced by the Golang team. It assists developers in managing project dependencies to ensure the stability and maintainability of the project code. In go mod, dependencies are categorized into two types based on how packages are imported in the code: direct dependencies and indirect dependencies. Direct dependencies are explicitly referenced in the project code, while indirect dependencies are dependencies of the direct dependencies. Below we will provide detailed explanations of t...

In Golang, nil is a predefined identifier that carries different meanings in various contexts, but typically represents "none", "empty" or "zero value". It can be assigned to variables of pointer, slice, map, channel, function, and interface types. Understanding the significance of nil is crucial for writing robust Go programs, as mishandling nil can lead to unexpected issues.nil in PointersIn Go, pointers are a fundamental type that stores the memory address of a variable. When a pointer is declared but not initialized, its value is nil. The following example code illustrates this:package mai...