As a beginner user of Unix or Linux, people would frequently get confused about the use of different directories of the system. For example, there is a /bin directory under root(/), it is used to store binary files. However, there are /usr/bin and /usr/local/bin under /usr which are used for storing binary files as well. Some systems even have /opt/bin. What are the differences among them?Though there are articles explaining different directories in *nix such as Filesystem Hierarchy Standard, it's not clear why these directories are present and their history. Rob Landley filled part ...

Previously we showed how to install Ubuntu in VirtualBox. What if we want to communicate with the host OS from within the Guest OS on VirtualBox? There are a few ways to do this. For example, bridged network, Host only networks. Today we will show you how to enable network communication between host OS and guest OS using host only networks.A host only network will not need to access the physical network interface of the host OS. It will create a network between different virtual machines and the host machine. This is very useful if you want to set up a network of machines which just need to co...

Evolution mail now is the default Email client on Ubuntu. When we configure this mail client with Hotmail. The steps should be followed. Step 1: Open Evolution mail through Applications->Internet->Evolution mail  Step 2: Goto Edit->Preferences Step 3 : Click Add button or double click on the added mail account. Step 4 : On the Identity tab, fill the Hotmail account you want to use.  Step 5 : On "Receiving email" Tab,              Server Type select "POP",              Ser...

The following are some concise bash programming skills which we may need in our daily programming work.1. Check status of command execution The usual way:echo abcdee | grep -q abcd if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "Found"else echo "Not found"fiConcise way:if echo abcdee | grep -q abc; then echo "Found"else echo "Not found"fiOf course you can remove if...else with following code[Sun Nov 04 05:58 AM] [kodango@devops] ~/workspace $ echo abcdee | grep -q abc && echo "Found" || echo "Not found"Found2. Redirect standard out and standard error to /dev/nullThe usual way:grep"abc" te...

Like majority *nix users, I have been using bash for many years. Sometimes I feel uncomfortable with bash. I tried use some other shells as well such as ksh, tcsh and zsh which I am going to talk about. A few days ago, I found an open source project ranking in the 6th named oh-my-zsh on Github, I downloaded it and had a try with it. It's amazing. We should use zsh to replace bash now.Why do we need to use zsh?Here is a 4 minutes YouTube video which shows many reasons why we should switch from bash to zsh.Reason 0 : zsh is compatible with bashCompatible with bash means that we don't need to spe...

When developing websites, frequently we may need to upload source codes to the remote server. To ease of thew work, many website developers set up FTPs to upload the files. This post is a tutorial on how to install and setup vsftpd on a server. vsftpd is a very popular FTP service on Unix-like systems.Open command terminal, then install the vftpd by issuing commandyum install vsftpdorsudo apt-get install vsftpdAfter installing the vsftpd, the config file needs to be updated based on the operating mode preferred. The first thing to be done is to disable the anonymous login in vsftpd.conf# Disab...

Getting the 16×16 and 32×32 icons on Windows is relatively easy and is often as simple as one call to ExtractIconEx.However, getting the extra large (48×48) and jumbo (256×256) icons introduced respectively by XP and Vista is slighly more complex. This is normally done by:Getting the file information, in particular the icon index, for the given file using SHGetFileInfoRetrieving the system image list where all the icons are storedCasting the image list to an IImageList interface and getting the icon from thereBelow is the code I’m using in Appetizer to retrieve the extra...

This is a Q&A post after sharing Guide for installing Ubuntu in VirtualBox on Windows1. If the resolution of the installed guest OS on the VirtualBox is too small(For example 640x480) and you cannot adjust it through System Settings -> Display, what should you do?A: In this case, it is mostly probably you don't have the VirtualBox Guest Additions installed. You can install the Guest Additions on your guest OS by:sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-dkmsThen restart the VM and you will see the resolution you want.2. How to share a folder from guest OS to host OS. The guest OS is Ubuntu ...