Shell script is frequently used when monitoring system status on Linux. It's not an easy task to write shell script but it's a very important skill for developers and system administrators to ease work and automate common tasks. This post will share some common interview questions about shell script.1. Get random characters(8 characters)Method 1# echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8471b94f2Method 2# openssl rand -base64 4vg3BEg==Method 3# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8ed9e032c2. Get random numbers(8 digits)Method 1# echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-823648321Method 2# openssl rand -...

The biggest movement of escaping from MySQL in this century starts, openSUSE,Fedora and Arch have started to use MariaDB instead of MySQL as their default database. Many people also dislike the attitude of Oracle on MySQL, so it's reasonable to migrate from MySQL to MariaDB. The whole process is not complicated. Here we share the steps to migrate from MySQL to MariaDB in Ubuntu.Installation procedure:sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943dbModify /etc/apt/sources.list, add:# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-04-08 14:44 UTC# http://mariadb.org/m...

Are you used to use cPanel or Plesk on VPS for your PHP website management? If for some reason you don't want to use them? What can you do? How do you maintain your website? How do you access Emails, use FTP to upload files or use phpMyAdmin to manage your databases? You may need to configure all these services yourself on a VPS without cPanel or Plesk or other similar apps.But to configure all these services on a Linux server is not an easy job. You may spend many nights but still fail to get satisfactory results. Here I share with you some useful links which can help you to configure a worki...

The Linux Foundation has released 2012 Linux White Paper which analyzes developers and contributors of the Linux kernel from 2.6.36 to 3.2.The top ten contributors are: Red Hat, Intel, Novell, IBM, Texas Instruments, Broadcom, Nokia, Samsung, Oracle, and Google. The software giant Microsoft's contribution ranked at 17, while the company's CEO Steve Ballmer has claimed previously that Linux is a cancer. Microsoft engineers have contributed 688 patches, which are mostly related to Hyper-V virtual machine technology. The top 10 developers from Microsoft are: Thomas Gleixner, Joe Perches, Chr...

Step 1 : Get the libflashplayer.so file from Adobe offical websiteStep 2 : Extract the libflashplayer.so file to a folder Step 3 : Go tp the folder which sores the libflashplayer.so fileStep 4 : Run the following command in terminal             sudo ln -s libflashplayer.so /etc/alternatives/libflashplayer.soStep 5 : Start the Firefox and now can watch flash...

Linux kernel is in the process of replacing the HTTP links in its source code with HTTPS links. HTTPS is considered more secure than HTTP and can prevent lots of attacks like Man-In-The-Middle attack. Currently there are more than 150 patches submitted by Linux Kernel developers to replace these HTTP links. One thing to be noted is this replacement process is not a manual search and replace process. Indeed, some scripts are created to find out these links and try to find whether there is corresponding HTTPS link available and then do the replacement only if the HTTPS link works....

First install exim4 and exim4-config using the package manager then install mailxsudo apt-get install mailutilsand follow the promptsonce this is set up use the command “mail” to check your mail.if you would like to send mail type “mail” followed by the email address to mail it to egmail me@examplecomenter the subject and pressenter the body and keep pressing enter as many times as you need to, when your body is finished, press “Ctrl” and “D" together this will prompt you for a cc etc and finally the mail will be sent.If you want to setup mail client, ...

Shell is also called command line interface, it is the interface between *nix users and computer. Shell is a program which provides service to access OS kernel services.This article is to introduce some not so well known but useful and interesting knowledge about shell.Wikishell was born almost at the same time as Unix. The first UNIX shell was written by Ken Thompson in 1971 and its name is Thompson sh. It's older than Linux kernel.The default Shell in most *nix and MacOS is bash, bash was created by Brian Fox in 1987, the full name is Bourne Again shell(bash).There are other shells except ba...