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  The hidden risk of passing slice as function parameter

In Go's source code or other open source libraries, there are lots of cases where a slice pointer is passed to function instead of slice itself. This brings up a doubt why not passing slice directly as its internal is backed by an array pointer to point to underlying data? For example, in log package, the formatHeader function takes a parameter buf as type *[]byte instead of []byte. func (l *Logger) formatHeader(buf *[]byte, t time.Time, file string, line int) {} Let's understand the r...

   GOLANG,SLICE,SLICE POINTER     2020-12-13 06:11:14

  How does Base64 work

Base64 is a data encoding scheme used in safe data transfer such as HTTP and its extensions. Base64 encoding can conver arbitrary group of bytes into a sequence of readable ASCII characters. These converted characters can safely put in a HTTP header without causing any problem while the peers process the HTTP header. Base64 encoding was invented as part of the MIME content transfer encoding. It is similar to other encoding schemes such as Uuencode and BinHex but with higher efficiency....

   ALGORITHM,BASE64     2016-03-09 23:47:40

  Using MemoryMappedBuffer to handle large file in Java

When handling large files, it will largely affect the process speed while using traditional FileInputStream, FileOutputStream or RandomAccessFile since they trigger lots of read and write operations. In Java NIO, a new way of handling large file is introduced which is to use MmeoryMappedBuffer to create memory mapped file. Memory-mapped I/O uses the filesystem to establish a virtual memory mapping from user space directly to the applicable filesystem pages. With a memory-mapped file, you can pre...

   JAVA,IO,NIO     2015-11-13 01:58:08

  Memory related exception analysis in Java

Java Virtual Machine Specification divides the memory of JVM into several areas : Heap, Stack, The Program Counter register and Method area etc. In HotSpot JVM, heap is composed of Young, Tenured and Perm. There are different OutOfMemory error can happen in different memory area. Next is an overview of some of these OOM errors. StackOverflowError The JVM will allow only a specified number of stacks created nested. An JVM option -Xss can be set to determine the maximum stack size. If the num...

   Java, Memory model, Memory exception, OOM     2015-01-19 06:54:27

  Use Java ThreadLocal with caution

According to Oracle documentation, ThreadLocal is a class provides thread-local variables. These variables differ from their normal counterparts in that each thread that accesses one (via its get or set method) has its own, independently initialized copy of the variable. ThreadLocal instances are typically private static fields in classes that wish to associate state with a thread. In short, ThreadLocal variables are variables belong to a thread, not a class or an instance of a class. One common...

   JAVA,MEMORY LEAK, THREADLOCAL     2015-11-03 07:31:57

  Generate signed certificate from CSR in Java

In our previous tutorial, we have explained how to generate CSR which can be sent to CA for generating a signed certificate. In this tutorial, we will explain how to generate the signed certificate from CSR in Java. We will not use an actual CA but a self-signed certificate to act as a CA certificate. Since the CSR contains the subject information where a certificate needs to be generated and signed for. The key here is to extract the subject information from the CSR and then set it as the subje...

   JAVA,CSR,SIGN CERTIFICATE     2020-10-24 07:03:17

  Faster than C

Judging the performance of programming languages, usually C is called the leader, though Fortran is often faster. New programming languages commonly use C as their reference and they are really proud to be only so much slower than C. Few language designer try to beat C. What does it take for a language to be faster than C? Better Aliasing Information Aliasing describes the fact that two references might point to the same memory location. For example, consider the canonical memory copy: void...

   C,Performance,Speed,Fortran,Criteria     2012-03-25 09:12:23

  A mini post on GoLang context

In a GoLang web server, every request coming in will be handled by a goroutine. In the request handler, the logic may also need to create new goroutine to handle other tasks like RPC call. When the request is processed and response is returned, these goroutines created need to be exited so that no goroutine leak should happen. package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net/http" ) func main() { http.HandleFunc("/echo", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { fmt.Println(&r) w.Write(...

   CONTEXT,GOLANG     2019-12-14 06:21:02

  C programming tips in SPARC architecture

If you are a newbie of C programmers in SPARC architecture (For example, working on Solaris), you should pay attention to the following tips:(1) By default, SPARC is big-endian (For Endianness, you can refer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness). It means for an integer (short, int, long, etc), the MSB will be stored in the lower address, while the LSB will be stored in the higher address. (2) SPARC requires byte-alignment. It means for a short (2 bytes long) variable, the star...

   C     2014-06-01 03:56:30

  Java Sequential IO Performance

Many applications record a series of events to file-based storage for later use.  This can be anything from logging and auditing, through to keeping a transaction redo log in an event sourced design or its close relative CQRS.  Java has a number of means by which a file can be sequentially written to, or read back again.  This article explores some of these mechanisms to understand their performance characteristics.  For the scope of this article I will be using pre-a...

   Java,IO,Sequential,Blocking     2012-02-23 07:09:10

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