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  How does computer boot up?

The whole boot process of computer can be summarized in 4 phases. 1. BIOS In the 70's  read-only memory(ROM) was invented. The boot program is written into ROM, the first thing the computer does is to read and execute this program when it's powered on. The program in this chip is called "Basic Input/Output System" (BIOS). 1.1 Power-On Self-Test The BIOS will first check whether the computer hardware can fulfill the basic conditions for booting up, this process is called Power-On Self-Test...

   Computer, boot, partition     2013-02-23 23:19:47

  Mount DD image on Linux

Yesterday, my Raspberry Pi running Arch Linux was not able to boot with error: Kernel Panic, not syncing: no init found. I spent a night on it, but could not find a working solution. The last option is easy: reinstall the system. That is really the last resort, for I do not want to re-setup everything I have done: samba server, Time Machine server, Xunlei Offline Downloader… Unable to mount the SD card The system does not boot, so I need to find a way to get into the file system to identi...

   LINUX,DD IMAGE     2014-06-24 07:49:14

  Redis Cluster and Common Partition Techniques in Distributed Cache

In this post, I will discuss a few common partition techniques in distributed cache. Especially, I will elaborate on my understanding on the use of Redis Cluster. Please understand that at the time of writing, the latest version of Redis is 4.0.10. Many articles on the same topic have a different idea from this post. This is mainly because, those articles are probably outdated. In particular, they may refer to the Redis Cluster implementation in Redis 3. Redis Cluster has been improved...

   REDIS,DISTRIBUTED CACHE,CLOUD COMPUTING     2019-01-17 08:10:37

  Convert ext3 to ext4 file system on CentOS

ext3 is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It is the default file system for many popular Linux distributions, including Debian. Stephen Tweedie. On June 28, 2006, Theodore Ts'o, the principal developer of ext3, announced an enhanced version, called ext4. Today, we will show how to convert ext3 to ext4 format on CentOS. System environment: Release version : CentOS release 5.4(Final) Kernel:  Linux localhost.lo...

   CentOS, ext3 to ext4     2012-11-21 11:40:45

  Beginners guide to Linux directory structure

Have you ever looked in your / directory, you’ll see a lot of directories. Here we are presenting beginners guide to linux directory structure explaining what they mean and what are the contents of these directories.Screenshot of contents of root directory: /This is called root partition. All files and directories start with root partition. Write privileges under this directory are avaible with root user only. Not to confuse it with root user’s home directory, know the ...

   Linux,File system structure,Beginner's guide     2012-04-20 12:19:32

  MySQL index optimization

Problem description: We need to access a very big table which has 40 million records. In the table, id is the primary key and program_id is indexed. When executing a select query: select * from program_access_log where program_id between 1 and 4000 The above query executes very slowly, we thought it was because there were too many records in the table. So we added id in the where condition to limit the search so that each time only half a million records would be read. select * fr...

   MySQL,Index search, Partition     2012-12-26 13:14:20

  How Computers Boot Up

The previous post described motherboards and the memory map in Intel computers to set the scene for the initial phases of boot. Booting is an involved, hacky, multi-stage affair – fun stuff. Here’s an outline of the process: An outline of the boot sequence Things start rolling when you press the power button on the computer (no! do tell!). Once the motherboard is powered up it initializes its own firmware – the chipset and other tidbits – and tries to ...

   Computer,Boot-up,Rationale     2012-04-11 13:43:02

  Find the kth smallest number in an array

This is an classical question, the general solution to this question is first using sorting algorithm to sort the array, then get the kth number in the array, the complexity is O(nlogn), we can also use selective sort or head sort to, the complexity of selective sort is O(kn) and heap sort is O(nlogk). The better solution is to use quick sort to find the kth smallest number, the complexity is O(n), the worst case cost is O(n^2). But today we introduce one more solution which has the worst case c...

   Sort, Quick sort, Search,Smallest     2013-01-09 06:20:54

  Why do C++ folks make things so complicated?

This morning Miroslav Bajtoš asked “Why do C++ folks make things so complicated?” in response to my article on regular expressions in C++. Other people asked similar questions yesterday. My response has two parts: Why I believe C++ libraries are often complicated.Why I don’t think it has to be that way. Why would someone be using C++ in the first place? Most likely because they need performance or fine-grained control that they cannot get somewhere else. A Ruby programmer...

   C++,Complicated,C++ PRogrammer,Design pattern     2011-12-31 15:45:39

  20 Database Design Best Practices

Use well defined and consistent names for tables and columns (e.g. School, StudentCourse, CourseID ...).Use singular for table names (i.e. use StudentCourse instead of StudentCourses). Table represents a collection of entities, there is no need for plural names.Don’t use spaces for table names. Otherwise you will have to use ‘{‘, ‘[‘, ‘“’ etc. characters to define tables (i.e. for accesing table Student Course you'll write “Student Cour...

   Database design,20 tips,Well defined name,Design pattern     2012-02-07 12:10:48